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Grammatik auf Englisch - Dies ist ein Frageanhängsel, oder?Schlagwörter: Grammatik auf Englisch, Englisch Grammatik, Englische Grammatik, Englisch Grammar, Gramatik auf Englisch, Englisch Gramatik, Englische Gramatik, Englisch Grammar, fragen auf Englisch, Englisch fragen, Englische Frage, Fragesatz Englisch Most languages have some sort of tag
question that can be used at the end of
statements to help get one's conversation
partner into interactive mode. The
most well-known tag questions in German
are oder? and nicht wahr? ( although this
one has become relatively antiquated ).
Like German, other languages have their
hanging-at-the-end-of-the-sentence
equivalent of "Isn't it true?" as well.
English is no exception. However, in English,
tag questions are far more complex:
except in a few cases, they must be modi-
fied and even conjugated and negated to
fit the current context.
How tag questions are used in English
As a general rule, tag questions are used
in spoken rather than in written language.
Exceptions exist of course in informal
writing ( such as e-mails ) or when writing
dialogue. And although they are used
to gain confirmation or agreement as in
other languages, they are more often used
to indicate:
- Consensus or confirmation
- Irony, confrontation or sarcasm
- Politeness
- Lack of confidence
Here are a few examples:
You spoke with your boss about it yesterday,
didn't you? ( Confirmation )
Yesterday Jim Daily was our division manager.
Today he's our CEO. That's some
achievement, isn't it? ( Consensus )
So you thought it would be a good idea
to re-install the software yourself, didn't
you? ( Sarcasm )
Leave the door open, will you? ( Politeness )
He did approve our vacations this month,
didn't he? ( Lack of confidence )
You really think I ought to be upset about
this, don't you? ( Confrontation )
How to form tag questions
Most tag questions are comprised of an
auxiliary verb and a pronoun and follow
this logic:
Negation
After a positive statement, repeat the
auxiliary verb in the negative and append a
pronoun corresponding to the subject:
Andrea's travelling on business, isn't she?
Sebastian is in his office, isn't he?
That's amazing, isn't it?
After a negative statement, repeat the
auxiliary verb in the positive and append a
pronoun corresponding to the subject:
Robert's presentation style isn't very
good, is it?
You don't remember my name, do you?
Samantha isn't on the list of people to be
cut, is she?
Reflection of the verb
The auxiliary verb used in the tag question
must be adjusted depending on the tense
of the verb used in the statement.
If the verb is a modal verb, the verb is
reflected in the tag question
Mathew Bailey should be here to see this,
shouldn't he?
Jim Faulkner can't motivate people very
well, can he?
If the verb is in the past tense, the tag
question uses did
Susan Jamison met with the CEO last
week, didn't she?
You received the report yesterday,
didn't you?
They placed a very large order with us
last month, didn't they?
If the verb uses have to, the tag question
uses do
They have to sign tomorrow, don't they?
He had to resign, didn't he?
If the verb is in a present progressive form,
the tag question is formed with am, are or is
Randall is hoping to be promoted next
month, isn't he?
You're planning to attend the intercultural
seminar, aren't you?
I'm being too sarcastic, aren't I?
Commands
When issuing a command, the tag question
uses will or would:
Open the window, will you?
Give me a moment, would you?
Do listen closely this time, will you?
When the verb construct uses let, the tag
question uses shall and the tag question is
not negated:
Let's finalise our agreement at the pub
around the corner, shall we?
Adverbial tag questions
Some speakers use adverbial tag questions
to avoid the complexity of having to create
a grammatically perfect tag question.
Common adverbial tag questions are:
all right? OK? eh? right?
don't you think?
Examples:
I'll join you in the cafeteria in five minutes,
all right?
Just send it to me via e-mail, OK?
Easier said than done, eh?
John will be there too, right?
That was a good performance,
don't you think?
Intonation
The intonation of the tag question generally
follows these rules:
- The verb receives the stress.
- When a lack of confidence is implied, or
when asking for information, motivating
an action or otherwise expecting a
response, the intonation is usually rising.
- When seeking consensus or confirmation
with confidence, or when confronting,
the intonation is usually falling.
- When using an adverbial tag question,
the intonation is usually rising.
Schlagwörter: Grammatik auf Englisch, Englisch Grammatik, Englische Grammatik, Englisch Grammar, Gramatik auf Englisch, Englisch Gramatik, Englische Gramatik, Englisch Grammar, fragen auf Englisch, Englisch fragen, Englische Frage, Fragesatz Englisch
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